Leadership is the ability to influence the behaviour and actions of others in a given situation or society to work towards achieving a common goal within laid down rules
Clasification of leadership
Cultural leader Professional leader Natural leader
Cultural leader
This is a native person who govern a society within informal cultural norms or formal rules who mostly came onto leadership by inheritance carrying titles like; chiefs,Council of Elders, kings, queens or ceremonial presidents.
Professional leader
This is a formally trained employee who implements policies within a given entity,institution or department.
Natural leader
This is person elected by popular votes, a case in point, is politicians who conceptualize ideas and formulate policies for professional leaders to formalize and implement.
Styles of leaderships
Democratic Style Decisions are made by majority, this type of leader invites input and appreciate the opinion of others Accepts criticism and values feedback Delegates authority and responsibilities Communicative and participatory
Authoritative Style Decides, uses top-down approach Final decision maker Domineering, Bosy, Oppressive and Suppresive
Laisses Fair Style No particular direction Indecisive Everybody takes decision No accountability leadership on the fence
N/BApplication of the 3 styles makes good leaderhsip depending on the situation
Qualities of a good leader
Flexible Good listener Knowledgable, wise, seeks new knowledge Innovative, creative Time conscious Honest Honest Delegates Accepts criticism Exemplary
CEO
This is a person who has trained in the management profession and he offers direction in the organisation, responsible and accountable, has authority, and he is accountable for all activities in the organisation.
Functions of the C.E.O
Planning Organisation Directing Leading Budgeting Motivation Staffing Accountability Control Monitoring
Planning
Is a projected course of action
Is a managerial fuction
In the planning there must be defining objectives:- Examining of various ways of achieving the objectives Choose the alternatives which is the best and cheapest Implementing the chosen(the best way) Evaluate i.e assess whether you have met ojectives
Organisation
A C.E.O must be guided by clear organisational structure or chart. The C.E.O is on top of the organisational structure and the juniour most officer, the clerical, the surbordinate is placed at the bottom of the organoisational structure. This would boost the flow of information, communication, responsibility and authority in the organization.
Directing
A c.E.O must offer directions to the employers of the organisation. This will enhance achievements of organisation goal and bring order and harmony. The manager can use notices, memos, policy, guidelines to enhance directions
Leading
The C.E.O should exhibit leadership skills, styles, quality in an organisation a supervisor must exhibit most of the above aspects inorder to lead employees towards improved achievements of group goals.
Budgeting
This financial control tool in an organisation that will enable a manager to run all activities and authorization of the organisation
Motivation
The C.E.O must offer incentives to his employees. This will improve performance and achievements of organisational goals. This include:- Payment of salaries Promotions Whispering congraturatory messages Compensation Security of tenure e.t.c
Staffing
This is the recruitment of suitable, qualified and experinced persons to occupy positions in the organisation. There must be enough numbers of employees to avoid shortages that will comprise service delivery.
Accountability
The C.E.O must be responsible for all activities, successes or failures of the organisation.
Reporting
The C.E.O must receive reports from various sections of the organisation. These reports can be by:- Inspection Communication Feedback Suggestion boxes
The above reports should be acted upon according to priority and urgency depending on the resources available.
Principles of Management
This is the fundamental true of how to perform or skill required to do something. Division of work Authority
Division of Work
Each employee should be given work according to his qualification. Work should be divided into departments , sections or subsection. Having employing work in one department for a long time will enhance speciality. This therefore will lead to specialization.
Authority
It can be statutory or personal. Statutory means it is authority empowered by law. Personal means authority exhibited by charisma. In an organisation setup, the C.E.O must enjoy full autjority whether statutory authority inorder to take full responsibility on organisational employers resources and activities.
Discipline
All employees in an organisation must exhibit obediance, honesty and respect. Administrative punishments or action must be forced to those employees with indiscipline cases.
Order
The C.E.O must give orders to all employees in an organisation. This is according to departmental sections or serve. There must be clarity of department sections and sub sections to avoid confusion. This is shown well by organisationa chart or structure.
Equity
The C.E.O must give equal chances to all staff in regard to issues of promotion, transfer, discipline, payment of allocation and salaries, training and seminars. This will enhance harmonial relationship and discourages favourism, nepotism,corruption. This will also enhance chances.
Unity of Command
There must be a C.E.O and also a planner C.E.O who is the overall incharge and planner and is the implementer of polices in the organisation. The C.E.O plans for activities whereas a planner prosecutes and gives direction. The C.E.O is the overall supervisor. A planner is a technocrat.
Scolar Chain
Organisation departments are divided according to scale. The top most scale it top management director. The lowest scale is a messenger,watchamn, clerical officer. Salaries, priviledges are awarded according to scales. The top scale issues orders, directives, authority towars the loer scales. This is depicted by operational chart or structures.
Security of Tenure of Personnel
This refers to the number of years that employees should work in a particular organisation. The longer the time, the job is secured(and vice versa). Rapid turnover with employees is not a good sign of employees/prospective employers. In an organisation it potrays a bad employer rewards, promotion, should be given to staff or employeed who can relatively stay long in the organisations.
Centralization
Anything that can increase participation or support staff and in turn improves then performance should be cebtralized. Anything that decreses participation and work performance for support staff should be dectralized.
Cordination
All activities in the organisation must run according to the agreed plan. For this activities to run as planned there must be proper coordination of all measures(4Ms). Proper coordination will discourage unnecessary shortages. It improves performance, creates harmonius relationship and influence greater achievement of goals.
Line and Staff
Motivation/Renumeration
This refers to incentives, allowances and other incentives given to the staff. Can be offered according to ob ranks and qualification. This will encourage greater performances of the employees and enhancement of goals.
Subordination of Individual Interest for General Good
Refers to suppressing individual interest for organisation work. In other words the organisation should come first before individual employer interest e.g senoir employees should not take leave during the closing of financial year because they are involved in making of budgets and procument plans.
Esprit De Crops
Is a french word meaning harmony, unity and respect. In an organisation, implies that employees should work in harmony, unity, respect and honesty. This will foster good relationship among employees thus improving performance.
Initiative
The C.E.O should encourage all staff to give ideas, inventions, views, opinions about activities of the organisation to achieve better solutions in dealing with particular issues in the organisation. Sometimes incentives can be offered to employees who give initiatives
Span of Control
In an ideal oeganisation the C.E.O should supervise 5-9 employees. The fewer the number the easier to manage.
Accountability
Since the C.E.O has authority he is therefore responsible for all activities taking place i the organisation and therefore has to be accountable for any happenings whether positive/negative and account for it.